Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) is a psychological approach developed by Paul Gilbert to help individuals who struggle with high levels of shame, self-criticism, and difficulties in experiencing self-kindness. The therapy centres on cultivating self-compassion and a nurturing relationship toward oneself, providing tools to manage emotional distress effectively.

 

Core Components

CFT incorporates both psychoeducation and practical skill development. Clients learn about the three emotional regulation systems—the threat/protect system, the drive system, and the soothing system—understanding how these shape internal experiences like shame and anxiety. Therapists introduce the evolutionary perspective of the mind (often called the “tricky brain”), emphasising that suffering is a common human experience.

 

Compassionate Mind Training

A cornerstone of CFT is Compassionate Mind Training, which fosters six attributes of compassion: sensitivity, care for well-being, sympathy, distress tolerance, non-judgement, and empathy. Practical exercises - such as compassionate imagery, soothing rhythm breathing, and co mpassionate letter-writing - help clients activate the brain’s soothing system, promoting feelings of safety and calm.

 

Three Flows of Compassion

CFT uniquely emphasises developing compassion in three directions: towards others, from others, and towards the self. This comprehensive approach helps balance self-criticism with self-support, encourages client resilience, and addresses fears or resistances to compassion.

 

Mindfulness and Emotional Understanding

Mindfulness practices and understanding the origins of difficult emotions - especially shame and guilt - are integral, facilitating emotional regulation and shifting inner dialogue from criticism to support.

In summary, CFT blends psycho-education, practical exercises, and compassionate skill-building to help individuals relate more kindly and effectively to both themselves and others.​​​​​​​