Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is a structured, time-limited, and goal-oriented psychotherapy that focuses on the relationship between thoughts, emotions, and behaviours to help individuals manage psychological distress. The central concept is the CBT triangle, emphasizing that changing maladaptive thoughts leads to changes in feelings and actions.

 

Key components of CBT include collaborative empiricism, where therapist and client work together to identify and challenge distorted or unhelpful thoughts, and behavioural experiments designed to test new ways of thinking. The process begins with assessment and goal-setting, often using the SMART framework (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Time-limited), and is highly problem-focused, addressing current issues rather than past experiences.

CBT sessions are structured, typically starting with agenda-setting, reviewing homework, and focusing on specific targets for change. Common techniques include cognitive restructuring (challenging irrational beliefs), guided discovery (Socratic questioning), thought records, and scheduling pleasant activities. Homework assignments are integral, encouraging the client to practice skills outside sessions. A strong therapeutic alliance, collaboration, and active participation by the client underpin successful CBT. Ultimately, CBT aims to empower individuals to become their own therapists, equipping them with lifelong skills to manage.